Heat insulation of refrigerator cars and buildings



(No Model.)

i HEAT INSULATION 0I REFRIGBRATOR GARS AND BUILDINGS.

No. 284,361. Patented sept. 4, 1883.

l F1/gl.

3E Roof 4C'oven` -J E Roof Space C Alu .Space 1 also shows the trap, hav-ing a covering-door, J, which is fastened by a hinge, so as to be sheathing D has beneath it paper B, the framchusettsfhave invented certain Improvements "hair feltand paper with dead-air spaces for a non-conducting filling.

B, paper; A, hair felt; B', paper; F, thecarling; B2, paper; A', hair felt; B3, paper; O,

placed strips of wood for false or bottom fioor,` the top of this false floor M coming flush course of paper can be put on top of the wood gummed or made fast together, so as to make UNITED STATES vPATENT .OFFICE` SAMUEL k. BAYLEY, or BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.V

HEAT INSULATiN oF REFRIGERATOR `CARS .AND BUILDINGS. i

. SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 284,361, dated september'e, 1883.

` V Appiicatio; fnddanudry 18,1883. (No model.) l

To all when?, it may concern,

Be it known that I, `SAMUEL K. BAYLEY, of.. Boston, county of Suffolk, and State of Massa-` in Insulation of Refrigerator Cars and Houses, of which the following is a specication.` My invention consists in the combination of In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a section of the roof and trap. Fig. 2 is aseotion of the iioor. Fig. 3 is a section of the sides.`

Fig. lis a sectional view of the roof, and also showsfparts of the trap or door of the same. E E is the customary double boarding used when tin is not applied, C, an air-space;

air-space; D, sheathing or insidelining. Fig.

swung open. Beneath this is the trap, which is made rst of sheathing D, then paper B, hair felt A, paper B', air-space C inside of frame of trap, paper B2, hair felt A', paper B3, and sheathing or lining D, forming a groove around the edge for a cushion, to be `filled with any iieXible material to make a tight joint.

i Fig. 2`is asection of the oorjust above one of the stringers K, on both sides of which are with the top of stringer K. On top of this fioor is placed a course of paper, Bf, hair felt A', paper B', hair felt A, paper B, strip of wood and airspace C, and floor H. Another strip and the air-spaces C.

Fig. 3 shows a section of the walls. The

ing-posts and air-spaces C, paper B', hair felt A, paper B2, hair felt A', paper B3, wood and air-spaces C, and finally the inner sheathing or lining, D. The paper B3 can be put on inside of air-space next the sheathing,`if desired. All the edges of the paper should be one continuous piece, and all outside paper 3, I have two confined-air spaces, C, and two l go -able water-proof material, or else prepared water-proof, 7 so as to prevent dampness from rotting it, and thus destroying its insulating properties.

The foregoing description of the. component parts of the roof, iioor, and sides of a car or room, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, embraces the general arrangement of the Velements 'of i wood, paper, hair felt, and air-spaces, or their respective equivalents7 which I find to give the most perfect insulation; but of course they can be modified without interfering with the principle of their combination described, which I will explain. Dead-airspaces,.while thehardest to obtain, give the mostperfect insulation. I find that hair felt, which is porous, and a Vnon-conductor of heat or cold, when dry, placed between two layers of paper or its equivalent for making an air and damp proof chamber, furnishes the most easily-constructed, durable, and practicable dead-air space. The use of hair felt alone for this purpose is not new; but its. use between damp-proof walls I believe to be new. I find that hair felt will -absorb dampness, and that when damp it is no longer a good non-conductor of heat and cold. I use paper as the cheapest and easiest applied material forimaking 'such walls, but do not limit myself to it.

Instead of hair felt, any other material hav ing like non'heat and cold conducting properties can be used between the aforesaid dampa proof walls.

By returning to Fig.1 it will be seen that I have two coniinedairspaces0, and two deadair spaces, A and A'. For the floor, Fig. 2, I have one confined-air space, C, and two deada air spaces, A and A', and for the sides, Fig.

dead-air spaces, A and A'. As the paper comes in narrow strips compared with the surface of the side, top, or bottom of a car, for example, in applying it I use the longest lengths possible without cut ting.. I lap edges and securely fasten them by gumming, glueing, or pasting, so that the entire car will, as it were, be covered with one `sheet without openings, except at thef doors and traps. In like Vmanner I should apply ought to be painted or covered with any suit! any material the equivalent of paper for the IOO - purpose specied. Since the felt comics in sheets, in order to avoid the use of tacks or equivalent for holding its edgesin place and close together,A as they would penetrate the paper wall, and thus injure its insulating and t damp-proof properties, I secure said edges of the felt in placeby attaching them to the paper with glue, paste, or their equivalent. With an insulating-wall of other than paper, or in places where the felt edges cannot be secured to thesame, I butt the edges of the felt sheet and secure them by a' covering-strip of any suitable material glued or otherwise attached to them.

Vater is generally used for cleansing refrigeratorrooms and cars; hence a necessity for making the linings for the dead-air spaces, where practicable, damp-poof. Care should be used that the paint or material used for making4 the linings vdamp-proof are inodorous and non-absorbents of odors.

In the drawings the spaces C are simply Confined-air chambers. I call them confined because boarded on one or more sides, in conwill taint in a night; meats also. To avoid this I use shellac or its equivalent.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isl. Securing the edges of felt sheets together to form in effect a continuous sheet through the walls, top, or bottom of a refrigerator-car or refrigerator structure by the use of an adhesive substance, substantially as and for the A purpose described.

2. The combination, in the walls of a refrigerator-car, of an outer and an inner sheathing, with the intervening air-space divided' vertically into two or more air-spaces by a partition 'composed of two or more sheets of heavy hair felt, with its edges secured together, as specified, and with coverings and alternate layers of paper, with its edges secured asspecified, forming continuous and-unbroken sheets..

the full sizeof the walls, substantially asdescribed. y

3. The co1nbination,vin the roof of a refri gerator-car, ofthe following elements in the order substantially as named from theA top downward: single or double sheathing, airspace, paperformed into a continuous sheet the full sizeof the roof, felt of similar eXtent,.

formed by securing its edgesvas specified,

paper, Carling, paper, felt, paper, air-space,

and inner sheathing made air and damp proof.

SAIVIL. K. BAYLEY.

Vitnesses:

,W. L. BrGnLow,

Jas. GREENWOOD. 

